Downloadable Resource
Checklist for Pro Se Litigants
Representing Yourself in Tribal Civil Court
Disclaimer: This checklist provides general guidance for individuals representing themselves in tribal court. It is not legal advice. Court rules vary by tribe. Consider consulting with an attorney, especially for complex matters.
“Pro se” means representing yourself in court without an attorney. While you have the right to represent yourself in most tribal court proceedings, it is important to be prepared. Use this checklist to help organize your case.
Before Filing Your Case
[ ] Research the court rules — Obtain a copy of the tribal code and court rules
[ ] Determine jurisdiction — Confirm tribal court is the correct forum for your case
[ ] Identify the correct court location — File in the proper district
[ ] Check the statute of limitations — Make sure you are filing within the time limit
[ ] Consider alternatives — Would mediation or peacemaking be appropriate?
[ ] Gather your evidence — Collect all documents, photos, and information
Preparing Your Documents
[ ] Complaint/Petition — Written document stating your claims
[ ] Correct caption — Court name, parties, case number (assigned at filing)
[ ] Clear statement of facts — What happened, when, where, who was involved
[ ] Legal basis — What law or right was violated
[ ] Relief requested — What you are asking the court to do
[ ] Signature and contact information — Sign and include your address and phone
[ ] Exhibits — Attach copies of supporting documents (contracts, receipts, photos)
[ ] Multiple copies — Original plus copies for each defendant and yourself
Filing Checklist
[ ] Bring all documents — Original and copies
[ ] Bring filing fee payment — Cash, check, or money order (verify with clerk)
[ ] Request fee waiver if needed — Ask clerk for forms if you cannot afford fees
[ ] Get case number — Clerk will assign and stamp your documents
[ ] Keep your stamped copy — This is your proof of filing
[ ] Ask about next steps — Service requirements, hearing dates, deadlines
Service of Process Checklist
[ ] Understand service requirements — Ask the clerk how defendants must be served
[ ] Arrange for service — You cannot serve the defendant yourself
[ ] Options for service:
- Tribal police or process server (personal service)
- Certified mail with return receipt (if permitted)
[ ] File proof of service — Submit completed service form to the court
[ ] Keep copies — Retain proof of how and when defendant was served
Before Your Hearing
[ ] Note the date, time, and location — Put it on your calendar immediately
[ ] Organize your evidence — Put documents in order you will present them
[ ] Make exhibit copies — Bring copies for the judge, defendant, and yourself
[ ] Prepare your witnesses — Confirm they will attend; subpoena if necessary
[ ] Write an outline — List key points you want to make
[ ] Practice your presentation — Be able to explain your case clearly
[ ] Review court rules — Know proper courtroom behavior and procedures
Day of Hearing Checklist
[ ] Arrive early — At least 30 minutes before your hearing time
[ ] Dress appropriately — Business casual or traditional attire; no hats indoors
[ ] Bring all documents — Everything related to your case
[ ] Bring pen and paper — Take notes during the hearing
[ ] Turn off your phone — Or set to silent before entering courtroom
[ ] Check in with clerk — Let them know you are present
[ ] Bring your witnesses — Make sure they are ready to testify
During the Hearing
[ ] Stand when the judge enters — Remain standing until told to sit
[ ] Address the judge properly — “Your Honor” or appropriate tribal title
[ ] Speak clearly and respectfully — No interrupting
[ ] Speak to the judge, not the other party — Direct your comments to the bench
[ ] Tell the truth — Dishonesty will hurt your case
[ ] Stay calm — Even if the other side says things you disagree with
[ ] Present your evidence — Ask the judge to admit your exhibits
[ ] Ask questions of witnesses — You may cross-examine the other side’s witnesses
[ ] Take notes — Write down important statements and rulings
After the Hearing
[ ] Understand the ruling — Ask for clarification if needed
[ ] Get a copy of any orders — Written orders from the court
[ ] Note any deadlines — Appeals, compliance dates, future hearings
[ ] Follow court orders — Do what the court requires
[ ] Consider appeal rights — If you disagree with the ruling, ask about appeal procedures and deadlines
Tips for Success
- Be organized — Judges appreciate well-prepared litigants
- Be honest — Your credibility is your most valuable asset
- Be respectful — To the court, staff, and opposing parties
- Be concise — Stick to relevant facts; don’t ramble
- Be patient — Courts are busy; your case may not be heard immediately
- Ask questions — If you don’t understand something, ask the clerk or judge
- Keep copies — Document everything related to your case
- Meet deadlines — Missing a deadline can result in losing your case
When to Get Help: Some cases are too complex to handle alone. Consider hiring an attorney if your case involves child custody, significant money or property, criminal charges, or complicated legal issues. Many attorneys offer free consultations.
Need Legal Assistance?
Our attorneys can represent you or provide guidance for your tribal court case.